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Philander & Pacanowski 1981
Philander, S.G.H. and Pacanowski, R.C. (1981). Resonse of equatorial oceans to periodic forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: doi: 10.1029/JC086iC03p01903. issn: 0148-0227.

Oscillating wind with a period P induce variability with the following characteristics in the upper few hundred meters of the equatorial zone (5 ¿N to 5 ¿S) of the ocean. (1) P150 days: The amplitude of variability is almost independent of frequency. An equilibrium response which is in phase with the forcing and which corresponds to a succession of steady states is approached asymptotically. These time scales are for a basin 5000 km wide. If the width of the basis exceeds 5000 km, then the 150 daytime scale increases. In the deep ocean below the thermocline, motion corresponds to propagating waves generated by the divergence of the nonlinear currents in the upper ocean.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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