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Endal & Schatten 1982
Endal, A.S. and Schatten, K.H. (1982). The Faint Young Sun-Climate Paradox: Continental Influences. Journal of Geophysical Research 87: doi: 10.1029/JC087iC09p07295. issn: 0148-0227.

We examine the various mechanisms which have been proposed to compensate for the climatic effects of a 30% increase in the solar luminosity over the past 4 1/2 billion years. Although atmospheric greenhouse effects have received most attention, other mechanisms may have played a role of comparable importance. In particular, we note that the development of continents during the past 2 1/2 billion years could have had a significant secular effect on the atmosphere-ocean heat transport system. As a result, past climates may have been less susceptible to complete freeze-over. A simple energy balance model is used to demonstrate the magnitude of this effect. Because the CO2 greenhouse effect is not the only means of compensating for solar evolution, the faint-young-sun problem should not be used to infer past levels of atmospheric CO2.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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