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Horne 1985
Horne, E.P.W. (1985). Ice-induced vertical circulation in an Arctic fiord. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JC090iC01p01078. issn: 0148-0227.

CTD and nutrient data taken in South Cape Fiord next to a glacier face show strong evidence of upwelling. In addition a region of downwelling is found from 0.5 km to 5 km from the ice. Intruding layers with thicknesses consistent with lab measurements are found near the ice. A phytoplankton bloom is found to be going on in the fiord and an upwelling velocity of 2.5¿10-4 m s-1 is calculated by assuming that all the nitrogen required by these cells is upwelled from the deep water within 10-2 m of the glacier. Mechanisms to drive the downwelling are issued.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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