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Flierl & Mied 1985
Flierl, G.R. and Mied, R.P. (1985). Frictionally induced circulations and spin down of a warm-core ring. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JC080i012p08917. issn: 0148-0227.

Meridional motion driven by kinematic viscosity &ngr; and thermal diffusivity &kgr; within a warm-core ring is examined. An analytic quasi-geostropic model is constructed that shows that the vertical mixing of heat or momentum is ineffective in driving secondary motion. Single-celled meridional flows will occur within the ring whenever the Prandtl number Pr=&ngr;h/&kgr;h is not equal to 1. When Pr is greater than 1, the flow is up in the ring core, while Pr less than 1 causes downward motion at ring center. A numerical primitive equation model leads to qualitatively identical results but shows that the secondary flow is not long-lived when Pr is less than 1, decaying within 2 months, while in the Pr greater than 1 case the flows are still vigorous at the end of the experiment (90 days).

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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