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Ice movement driven by winds along the coast is studied using a two-dimensional (vertical seaward), ice-ocean coupled model. Right-hand alongshore winds are given when internal ice stresses are important to determine the ice movement. These winds induce right-hand coastal currents and ice movement. A shoreward Ekman flow beneath the ice is a major mechanism to constrain the ice over the shelf, balancing the internal ice pressure gradient. When the wind ceases, the ice decreases its alongshore velocity, and the ice-covered band becomes wider. The alongshore ice velocity is sensitive to ice shear strength, which determines the shear stress at the coast; i.e., weak (strong) shear strength allows a large (small) ice velocity at the coast, resulting in intense (weak) Ekman flow and downwelling, which induces a fast (slow) coastal current. The alongshore velocity is also sensitive to the relatively small cross-shore component of the wind; i.e., the seaward (shoreward) component reduces (induces) the shear stress and allows large (small) ice velocity. The results are applied to the ice over the Labrador shelf. |