The positively charged drops from bubbles bursting at the surface of the sea produce a flow of current from the world ocean to the atmosphere. The charge flux has been measured to be about 4¿10-11 C m-2 s-1. Multiplying this by the latest estimates of the area covered by whitecaps on the world ocean between 70¿N and 70¿S latitude gives a maximum current of 130 A. |