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Gust & Weatherly 1985
Gust, G. and Weatherly, G.L. (1985). Velocities, turbulence, and skin friction in a deep-sea logarithmic layer. Journal of Geophysical Research 90: doi: 10.1029/JC090iC07p04779. issn: 0148-0227.

Speed, turbulence, skin friction, and drag measurements made with metal-clad hot wires, epoxy-coated hot films, and Savonius rotors are reported for a deep-sea boundary layer at a water depth of ~5000 m. They include data from heights z<30 cm, a region hitherto only investigated in detail by Chriss and Caldwell (1982) for a shelf site. A mean speed logarithmic layer was observed at 3<z<200 cm. The difference between the friction velocity u@B|log determined from the speed profiles and the skin friction u*skin measured by flush-mounted hot films was statistically significant at the 95% level in five out of eight analyzed burst intervals. This result suggests form-drag influence on the vertical mean flow profile. Although identified from the mean speed data as a hydrodynamically rough boundary layer, the turbulence and bottom stress intensities at the deep-sea site were found to be reduced by more than 40% compared to smooth-wall open-channel flow and planetary boundary layers. Applicability of the universal law of the wall has not been confirmed for this deep-sea boundary layer.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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