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Kawase & Sarmiento 1986
Kawase, M. and Sarmiento, J.L. (1986). Circulation and nutrients in middepth Atlantic Waters. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JC091iC08p09749. issn: 0148-0227.

Isopycnal analysis of distributions of salinity, oxygen utilization, nitrate, and silica in the depth range 800--3000 m in the North and Tropical Atlantic Ocean are carried out using data from the Transient Tracers in the Oceans, Meteor cruise 56 leg 5, Atlantis II cruise 109 legs 1 and 3, and the GEOSECS Atlantic Study. The results are summarized in isopycnal distribution maps and property-property plots. The layer between 800 and 1500 m is oxygen poor and nutrient rich and is poorly ventilated. Below this is a better aerated layer with the deep western boundary current, part of which separates along the equator. Regeneration of nutrients and consumption of oxygen persist into the deep ocean in regions off the west coast of Africa. The Mediterranean Outflow Water apparently is causing significant cross-isopycnal mixing through salt fingering. The resultant cross-isopycnal velocity may be large enough to cause significant vorticity stretching.

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Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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American Geophysical Union
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