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Shirasawa 1986
Shirasawa, K. (1986). Water stress and ocean current measurements under first-year sea ice in the Canadian Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 91: doi: 10.1029/JC080i012p14305. issn: 0148-0227.

Ocean current profiles were measured to calculate the ice-water drag coefficient for tidal currents under landfast ice at the intersection of Lancaster Sound and Navy Board Inlet in the Canadian Arctic. Under-ice current profiles showed 1--3 m of a logarithmic layer with a friction velocity ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 cm/s. No significant Ekman veering was found below the logarithmic layer, which suggests a strong modulation of the surface current by tidal currents. The ice-water drag coefficients at 1-m depth, calculated from the mean current profiles, ranged from 0.0053 to 0.0093, reflecting a nonhomogeneous rough surface and ridges. It was shown that the present estimate of the drag coefficient was consistent with previously measured values of the ice stress.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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