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Detailed Reference Information |
Walsh, E.J., Jackson, F.C., Uliana, E.A. and Swift, R.N. (1989). Observations on electromagnetic bias in radar altimeter sea surface measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 94: doi: 10.1029/89JC01124. issn: 0148-0227. |
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Because the relative radar cross sections of the sea surface increases below mean sea level and decreases above it, the range measurements of satellite radar altimeters are biased toward the wave troughs. Published and unpublished direct measurements of this electromagnetic (EM) bias are examined as well as the predictions of theoretical developments. The EM bias is predominantly a function of the radar frequency used, averaging 1.2% of the wave height of Ka band and 3.3% of the wave height at X band. The airborne measurements present a consistent picture of the variation of the relative radar cross section as a function of deviation from mean sea level. A technique to measure EM bias at the Ku and C band operating frequencies of the TOPEX satellite altimeter is described. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1989 |
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Abstract |
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Keywords
Oceanography, Physical, Sea level variations, Oceanography, Physical, Instruments and techniques |
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009-1277 USA 1-202-462-6900 1-202-328-0566 service@agu.org |
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