Long-term records show high concentrations of dissolved major elements in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and the Huanghe (Yellow River). The Huanghe drainage basin is characterized by intense weathering and erosion of carbonates and evaporites, while weathering and erosion of carbonates and silicates over the drainage basin is the main source of major elements in the Changjiang. The rock/soil composition and tectonics of the drainage basin are more important than atmospheric precipitation in affecting major element composition of these two rivers. Compared with other large rivers of the world, the high suspended sediment and major element loads of the Changjiang and Huanghe reveal intense physical and chemical erosion over the Chinese continent. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1990