A new approach is introduced for determining from satellite the turbulent fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum at higher frequencies and spatial resolution than have been reported previously. Values of ''skin'' sea surface temperature, surface wind speed, surface air temperature, and surface water vapor mixing ratio are required inputs for a bulk turbulence flux model based on surface renewal theory. Each of these input variables is determined from satellite. Multiple satellite sensors, model results, and diagnostic studies of in situ and satellite observations are used to determine the optimal manner in which to determine the input parameters. The diurnal cycle of SST is determined to vary with peak solar insolation, daily-average precipitation, and daily-average wind speed. The static stability of the atmospheric surface layer is hypothesized to be reflected in the cloud characteristics and thus is determined to depend on cloud top temperature and whether or not it is raining. The validity of the satellite-derived surface fluxes and input parameters are examined using in situ measurements in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean made during the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. Pixel-scale comparisons of the satellite fluxes with the ship fluxes show biases that are within the accuracy of the ship measurements. An attempt is made to determine daily-averaged fluxes from satellite, which is complicated by the fact that some of the satellite-derived input variables are obtained from polar-orbiting satellites with at best twice daily coverage in the tropics. Judicious interpolation allows reasonable daily-averaged fluxes to be obtained from satellite on a spatial scale of 50 km. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1996 |