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Macke et al. 1996
Macke, A., Mishchenko, M.I. and Cairns, B. (1996). The influence of inclusions on light scattering by large ice particles. Journal of Geophysical Research 101: doi: 10.1029/96JD02364. issn: 0148-0227.

The scattering of visible light by ice crystals containing scattering and absorbing inclusions is calculated by a combination of ray-tracing and Monte Carlo techniques. Results are shown for a randomly oriented hexagonal ice column containing ammonium sulfate particles, soot particles, and air bubbles. It is shown that a noticeable change in the ice crystal scattering properties compared to a pure crystal requires about 103 to 104 internal scatterers of a size comparable to the wavelength. While the nonabsorbing ammonium and air bubble inclusions generally decrease the asymmetry parameter g, soot provides a strong increase in g caused by the additional absorption. An independent superposition of the scattering properties of ice crystal and inclusions does not give satisfactory results because of the strong influence of internal scatterers on the characteristic-ray paths inside the crystal. Multiple-scattering calculations show that the strongest changes in the radiative fluxes are associated with the soot contaminated ice crystals. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1996

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Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Transmission and scattering of radiation, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Troposphere—composition and chemistry
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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