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Prenni et al. 1998
Prenni, A.J., Onasch, T.B., Tisdale, R.T., Siefert, R.L. and Tolbert, M.A. (1998). Composition-dependent freezing nucleation rates for HNO3/H2O aerosols resembling gravity-wave-perturbed stratospheric particles. Journal of Geophysical Research 103: doi: 10.1029/98JD02851. issn: 0148-0227.

Laboratory measurements are presented for the freezing kinetics of H2O/HNO3 aerosols over the temperature range of 188--204 K. For 2:1 H2O:HNO3 aerosols crystallizing to NAD we observed a maximum nucleation rate of J=9.3¿109 cm-3 s-1 at 194 K. This temperature is between the glass point of 161 K <Ji et al., 1993> and the melting point of 235.5 K <Ji et al., 1996>. This can be compared to a previous measurement of J=6.7¿109 cm-3 s-1 at 193 K <Disselkamp et al., 1996> and lower temperature measurements of J≈1010-1012 cm-3 s-1 at 178.8-175.8 K <Bertram and Sloan, 1998a>. Measured nucleation rates decrease as the aerosol becomes dilute, but NAD formation is still observable for 2.5:1 H2O:HNO3 at temperatures near 195 K. In contrast, freezing of 3:1 H2O:HNO3 aerosol was not observed for constant temperature experiments throughout this temperature range, yielding an upper limit of J<1.5¿109 cm-3 s-1. This is the lowest experimental value determined for 3:1 H2O:HNO3 freezing rates at these temperatures. From the measured freezing rates and knowledge of the free energy of diffusion the average interfacial free energy for NAD in a 2:1 H2O:HNO3 solution was determined to be &sgr;=25.2 ergs cm-2. A limit for the interfacial free energy was placed on 3:1 H2O:HNO3 particles, for which freezing was not observed. These data imply that if aerosols reach compositions more concentrated than 3:1 H2O:HNO3 in the atmosphere, NAD may play a role in polar stratospheric cloud formation. ¿ 1998 American Geophysical Union

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Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801), Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Chemical kinetic and photochemical properties, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Middle atmosphere—composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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