The Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the upstream of Changjiang (Yangtze River) has resulted in great concern of scientific society and public conversations on the economic, environmental, and human health issues. Data of nutrients from main stream and 15 large tributaries indicate that Changjiang receives a large part of its nutrient burden from the drainage area upstream the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). A model calculation shows that the construction of TGD may cause further eutrophication in the upstream region with phosphate as a limiting factor relative to nitrogen for photosynthesis. The estimated carbon fixation within the reservoir may equal to 10--20% of the actual particulate organic carbon (POC) budget for the Changjiang. Taking into account the fact that dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Changjiang has increased by a factor of 2 in the last 10--20 years, the expected N:P ratio of the river would reach 300--400 after the year 2010. Such a change in nutrient and organic carbon budgets of the Changjiang will significantly influence the environment and health of ecosystems of the adjacent shelf region. ¿ 1999 American Geophysical Union