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Detailed Reference Information |
Shupe, M.D., Uttal, T., Matrosov, S.Y. and Frisch, A.S. (2001). Cloud water contents and hydrometeor sizes during the FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: doi: 10.1029/2000JD900476. issn: 0148-0227. |
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During the year-long Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Experiment (1997--1998) the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory operated a 35-GHz cloud radar and the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program operated a suite of radiometers at an ice station frozen into the drifting ice pack of the Arctic Ocean. The NASA/FIRE Arctic Clouds Experiment took place during April--July 1998, with the primary goal of investigating cloud microphysical, geometrical, and radiative properties with aircraft and surface-based measurements. In this paper, retrieval techniques are utilized which combine the radar and radiometer measurements to compute height-dependent water contents and hydrometer sizes for all-ice and all-liquid clouds. For the spring and early summer period, all-ice cloud retrievals showed a mean particle diameter of about 60 μm and ice water contents up to 0.1 g/m3, with the maximum sizes and water contents at approximately one fifth of the cloud depth from the cloud base. The all-liquid cloud retrievals had a mean effective particle radius of 7.4 μm, liquid water contents up to 0.7 g/m3, and a mean droplet concentration of 54 cm-3. Maximum retrieved liquid drop sizes, water contents, and concentrations occurred at three fifths of the cloud depth from the cloud base. As a measure of how representative the FIRE-ACE aircraft flight days were of the April--July months in general, retrieval statistics for flight-day clouds are compared to the mean retrieval statistics. From the retrieval perspective the ice particle sizes and water contents on flight days were ~30% larger than the mean retrieved values for the April--July months. Retrieved liquid cloud parameters during flight days were all about 20% smaller. All-ice and/or all-liquid clouds acceptable for these retrieval techniques were observed about 34% of the time clouds were present; at all other times, mixed-phase clouds precluded the use of these single-phase retrieval techniques. ¿ 2001 American Geophysical Union |
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Abstract |
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Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Cloud physics and chemistry, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Polar meteorology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Remote sensing, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Instruments and techniques |
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009-1277 USA 1-202-462-6900 1-202-328-0566 service@agu.org |
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