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Marshall et al. 2001
Marshall, T.C., Stolzenburg, M., Rust, W.D., Williams, E.R. and Boldi, R. (2001). Positive charge in the stratiform cloud of a mesoscale convective system. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: doi: 10.1029/2000JD900625. issn: 0148-0227.

A balloon sounding of electric field in the trailing stratiform cloud of a bow echo mesoscale convective system reveals only two substantial in-cloud positive charge regions. These charge regions are located at altitudes of 5.1--5.6 km and 6.4--6.8 km, above the level of 0¿C at 4.2 km. The two positive charge regions are the likely sources of six positive cloud-to-ground flashes with large peak currents (>32 kA) that occurred within 60 km of the balloon during its flight. The amount of charge transferred by three of these positive flashes that made Q bursts is calculated in the range of 97--196 C. Flashes of this sort are known to produce sprites and elves in the mesosphere. The positive charge regions in this stratiform cloud are substantially lower than the 10-km altitude commonly assumed for the positive charge in many sprite modeling studies. ¿ 2001 American Geophysical Union

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Abstract

Keywords
Ionosphere, Ionosphere/atmosphere interactions, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Atmospheric electricity, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Lightning, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Mesoscale meteorology
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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