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Ridley et al. 1984
Ridley, B.A., Luu, S.H., Hastie, D.R., Schiff, H.I., McConnell, J.C., Evans, W.F.J., McElroy, C.T., Kerr, J.B., Fast, H. and O’Brien, R.S. (1984). Stratospheric odd nitrogen: Measurements of HNO3, NO, NO2, and O3 near 53°N in winter. Journal of Geophysical Research 89: doi: 10.1029/JD089iD03p04797. issn: 0148-0227.

Data obtained during three stratospheric measurement campaigns from Cold Lake, Alberta (100.0¿W, 54.5¿N), in February 1977, 1978, and 1979 are presented. Altitude profiles of NO, HNO3, O3, CFM-11, CFM-12, and N2O and ground-based total column measurements of NO2 were obtained and are compared with similar measurements made at 51¿N in summer. The winter data demonstrated enhanced variability when compared with summer conditions, but in general in winter (1) there is a greater abundance of HNO3 and the stratospheric layer is thicker, (2) there is less nitric oxide particularly in the 18- to 28-km region and the vertical distribution are characterized by strong mixing ratio gradients, and (3) the column abundance of NO2 is lower an exhibits a diurnal change qualitatively similar to that observed in summer. The difference between the summer and winter observations in not solely due to changes in photochemistry but requires consideration of stratospheric dynamics. We correlate the reduction in NOx in winter with the production of N2O5 in regions of little or no insolution followed by transport to Cold Lake. The unusual profiles are shown to result from air masses at different altitudes having either different origins, for example, polar or mid-latitude, or different transit times from the source to the sampling point.

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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