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Eck et al. 1987
Eck, T.F., Bhartia, P.K., Hwang, P.H. and Stowe, L.L. (1987). Reflectivity of Earth’s surface and clouds in ultraviolet from satellite observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 92: doi: 10.1029/JD092iD04p04287. issn: 0148-0227.

The Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on board Nimbus 7 is used to infer the ultraviolet (UV) surface and cloud reflectance at 370 nm. Cloudless surface reflectivity was analyzed on a global basis for all surface types for several months. The UV surface reflectivity varies from 2% for some forest and grassland regions to 14% for some sandy desert areas. A notable exception is the large salt flats of Bolivia, which have a reflectivity of ~60%. Cloud reflectivity was also analyzed for clouds located at three levels in the atmosphere, as determined by the 11.5-μm channel of the Temperature Humidity-Infrared Radiometer. Average cloud reflectivity at 370 nm ranges from 52% for low clouds (tops 7 km at the equator, decreasing to >4 km at poles). ¿American Geophysical Union 1987

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Journal of Geophysical Research
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