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Keith & Saunders 1989
Keith, W.D. and Saunders, C.P.R. (1989). Charge transfer during multiple large ice crystal interactions with a riming target. Journal of Geophysical Research 94: doi: 10.1029/89JD00050. issn: 0148-0227.

Laboratory studies of charge transfer between ice crystals and riming soft hailstones (graupel) have been extended using ice crystals of several hundred micrometers in diameter. The sign of the charge transfer is affected by cloud water content and temperature, being positive to soft hailstones at temperatures higher than about -18¿ C with typical values of cloud liquid water content. The d4 dependence of charge transfer on crystal size reported previously for smaller ice crystals decreases with larger crystals. The new data can be included in numerical models of thunderstorm electrification. ¿ American Geophysical Union 1989

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Keywords
Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Atmospheric electricity, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Lightning, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Precipitation
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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