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Greenstadt 1976
Greenstadt, E.W. (1976). Energies of backstreaming protons in the foreshock. Geophysical Research Letters 3: doi: 10.1029/GL003i009p00553. issn: 0094-8276.

A predicted patterns of energy vs detector location in the cislunar region is displayed for proton guiding-centers traveling upstream away from the quasi-parallel bow shock. The pattern is implied by upstream wave boundary properties deduced by Diodato et al. (1976). In the solar ecliptic, protons are estimated to have a minimum of 1.1 times the solar wind bulk energy ESW when the wave boundary is in the early morning sector and a maximum of 8.2 ESW when the boundary is near the predawn flank.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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