Rocks exposed at the Earth's surface provide an incomplete record of the varied and complex processes that have acted to form and modify the continents. The continental lithospheric mantle (CLM), sampled as xenoliths carried in explosive volcanics, is an alternative reservoir of age information that has only recently begun to be tapped. Data from southeastern Australia, a tectonically complex region, illustrate that the CLM can record important aspects of continental evolution that are not indicated by the exposed crustal rocks. Re-Os isotopic data and the resultant model ages for 15 spinel peridotite xenoliths from five localities in southeastern Australia show that parts of the CLM are ~1960 Myr old, some 1400 Myrs older than the oldest crust exposed immediately in the sampled region. As the five sampled localities are east of the presumed eastern edge of the Precambrian interior of Australia, the preservation of Proterozoic ages in the lithosphere indicates that the supposed Precambrian edge of the Australian continent (the Tasman Line) is a surficial feature rather than a lithospheric scale boundary. This conclusion is consistent with recent Skippy seismic tomography models for Australia. The mantle xenolith age distribution also suggests a significant age change from Proterozoic to dominantly Phanerozoic, which appears coincident with the surface expression of the boundary between two major fold belts (Lachlan and Delamerian) and with a deep lithospheric boundary previously proposed on the basis of differences in Sr and Pb isotopic systematics of southeast Australian basalts. ¿ 2001 American Geophysical Union