In March 1995, 44 land-based recorders were deployed throughout Tasmania, SE Australia, to record seismic energy from an encircling array of marine normal-incidence reflection shot lines. We invert refraction and wide-angle reflection traveltimes for crustal structure, with the principal outcome being a map of the Tasmanian Moho. Key tectonic inferences from this map include: (1) the Arthur Lineament metamorphic belt in NW Tasmania overlies a major change in crustal thickness (over 5 km) and probably represents the NW limit of deformation in Tasmania during the Mid-Late Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny, (2) thickening of the crust beneath central northern Tasmania may be associated with the juxtaposition of the Eastern and Western Tasmania Terranes during the Mid-Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny, and (3) the difference in crustal thickness between the east and west coasts reflects the presence of differing strain regimes during the Cretaceous break-up of Gondwana. ¿ 2001 American Geophysical Union