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Dahan et al. 1999
Dahan, O., Nativ, R., Adar, E.M., Berkowitz, B. and Ronen, Z. (1999). Field observation of flow in a fracture intersecting unsaturated chalk. Water Resources Research 35: doi: 10.1029/1999WR900198. issn: 0043-1397.

Flow through a natural fracture crossing unsaturated chalk in an arid region was investigated in a field experiment using a specially designed experimental setup. The setup allowed complete control of the flow domain inlet and outlet. Water flux into and out of the fracture was measured in small segments of the fracture openings, and flow trajectories were identified using seven fluorobenzoic acid tracers. A 5 day percolation experiment on a 5.3 m long fracture showed significant spatial and temporal variability of the flow regime. Flow through fracture openings did not reach a steady state either in individual segments or across the entire flow domain, although the boundary conditions were kept relatively steady for the entire duration of the experiment. Flow trajectories within the fracture plane varied over time; however, most of the flow was confined to small sections of the fracture. Over 70% of the flux was transmitted through <20% of the studied fracture openings. Observations from the tracer tests suggest that flow paths can coexist near each other without water mixing, probably because the fracture fill generates unconnected flow paths across the main fracture void. ¿ 1999 American Geophysical Union

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Abstract

Keywords
Hydrology, Hydrology, Unsaturated zone
Journal
Water Resources Research
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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