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Hamid et al. 2001
Hamid, E.Y., Kawasaki, Z. and Mardiana, R. (2001). Impact of the 1997–98 El Niño Event on lightning activity over Indonesia. Geophysical Research Letters 28: doi: 10.1029/2000GL011374. issn: 0094-8276.

The 1997--98 El Ni¿o was one of the strongest El Ni¿o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events of this century. The major impact of the sea surface temperature (SST) change during this El Ni¿o event was the shift in convection activity from the western to the central and eastern Pacific ocean affecting the response of rain-producing cumulonimbus. As a result, convective rainfalls were suppressed near the Western Pacific regions and the Maritime Continent including Indonesia. On the other hand, the lightning activity during the El Ni¿o period increased in contrast (on the average by 57%). As observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Lightning Imaging Sensor and Precipitation Radar, the convective storms during the El Ni¿o were more intense. This was supported by the evidence that the El Ni¿o storms had greater vertical developments and thicker zones containing ice phase precipitation. ¿ 2001 American Geophysical Union

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Keywords
Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Lightning, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Remote sensing
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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