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Baba & Rakov 2003
Baba, Y. and Rakov, V.A. (2003). On the transmission line model for lightning return stroke representation. Geophysical Research Letters 30: doi: 10.1029/2003GL018407. issn: 0094-8276.

The widely used transmission-line (TL) model of lightning return stroke in a vertical channel is most rigorously represented by a vertical phased array of current sources that produce a spherical transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave in the case of return-stroke speed v equal to the speed of light c. If the radius of the lightning channel were equal to zero, the equivalent representation could be obtained by applying a hypothetical infinitesimal source of pure spherical TEM wave at the bottom of the channel. A non-zero-radius vertical wire above ground excited by a practical source at its bottom end cannot support unattenuated current waves, and the associated electromagnetic field structure is non-TEM.

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Abstract

Keywords
Electromagnetics, Electromagnetic theory, Electromagnetics, Transient and time domain, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Atmospheric electricity, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Lightning
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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