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Marshall et al. 2002
Marshall, H.P., Harper, J.T., Pfeffer, W.T. and Humphrey, N.F. (2002). Depth-varying constitutive properties observed in an isothermal glacier. Geophysical Research Letters 29: doi: 10.1029/2002GL015412. issn: 0094-8276.

Detailed three-dimensional in-situ measurements of deformation at depth are used to examine the rheology of a 6 ¿ 106 m3 block of temperate glacier ice. Assuming that the viscosity of this ice is primarily dependent on stress, the relationship between inferred stress and measurements of strain-rate above ~115 m depth suggest a constitutive relationship with a stress exponent n ~ 1. Deformation below 115 m is described by a non-linear flow law with a power exponent of approximately 3--4. A sharp transition between the two flow regimes is likely caused by a change in the dominant mechanism from superplastic flow, basal slip, and/or diffusional flow near the surface to dislocation and intragranular deformation at depth.

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Abstract

Keywords
Hydrology, Glaciology, Hydrology, Snow and ice, Mathematical Geophysics, Modeling, Mathematical Geophysics, Nonlinear dynamics, Global Change, General or miscellaneous
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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