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Stokes et al. 2004
Stokes, M.D., Deane, G.B., Latz, M.I. and Rohr, J. (2004). Bioluminescence imaging of wave-induced turbulence. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: doi: 10.1029/2003JC001871. issn: 0148-0227.

The ability to measure turbulent processes on small spatial and temporal scales is a long standing problem in physical oceanography. Here we explore a novel means of measuring fluid shear stress using the cell flashing behavior of bioluminescent dinoflagellates. To illustrate this technique, we present estimates of the heterogeneous, time-varying shear stress inside a breaking wave crest. These results have implications for a better understanding of upper ocean wave physics, air-sea gas transfer, and the biology of planktonic near-surface organisms as well as providing a new quantitative fluid visualization tool.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Oceanography, Physical, Turbulence, diffusion, and mixing processes, Oceanography, Physical, Surface waves and tides, Oceanography, Biological and Chemical, Plankton, Oceanography, General, Instruments and techniques, wave mixing, turbulence, bioluminescence, dinoflagellate, plankton
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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