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Greatbatch et al. 2004
Greatbatch, R.J., Lu, J. and Peterson, K.A. (2004). Nonstationary impact of ENSO on Euro-Atlantic winter climate. Geophysical Research Letters 31: doi: 10.1029/2003GL018542. issn: 0094-8276.

Previous studies have suggested a lack of robustness over the Euro-Atlantic sector in the extratropical teleconnection response to ENSO. We use a simple AGCM to show that during the 20 years before and after the late 1970's, the ENSO signal leaving the tropics has the character of a wave train that is similar to the PNA, but is much stronger and penetrates further poleward in the post 1970s period. We also find that the synchronous extratropically-forced model response is almost the reverse in the post- compared to the pre-late 1970s period. We argue that the change in the signal leaving the tropics is due to the sensitivity of the tropically-forced signal to changes in the spatial pattern of the tropical forcing. The extent to which the extratropically-forced response is itself dependent on the tropical forcing, or simply the result of chance, is not clear.

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Keywords
Global Change, Climate dynamics, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, General circulation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Numerical modeling and data assimilation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Ocean/atmosphere interactions
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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