A Nd isotopic study of twelve historical samples and fifty-seven core samples covering the last 530 ka of volcanic activity of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano of R¿union Island was undertaken, with additional new Sr isotopic analyses of historical samples. The core samples were obtained from the cliffs of the deep (ca.1000 m) canyons of the Remparts and Langevin Rivers. Four types of rocks, namely basalts (MgO = 5--9 wt.%), high-Mg basalts (MgO = 10--20 wt.%), plagioclase-rich basalts, and differentiated samples (SiO2 = 48--53 wt.%) occur randomly throughout the lava sections. The overall variations in Nd isotopic ratios (0.512751 to 0.512902) are small, but significant. The range of Nd isotopic variations is larger than previously described in the literature, and extends toward lower values. Nd isotopic ratios increase through time and are broadly negatively correlated with the alkalinity index. The older alkaline Remparts samples (527--290 ka) (average ϵNd = +3.26) exhibit lower 143Nd/144Nd ratios than the younger tholeiitic Langevin samples (70--40 ka) (average ϵNd = +4.17) and the historical lavas (1901--1956) (average ϵNd = +4.74). Comparison of 143Nd/144Nd ratios with available 87Sr/86Sr ratios on the same set of samples (Remparts and Langevin series <Albar¿de et al., 1997>; historical series, this study) shows no correlation between Sr and Nd isotopes. It is suggested that the high Nd isotopic ratios of historical tholeiitic samples would be representative of the isotopic composition of the R¿union plume. The increase in Nd isotopic ratios over 530 ka reflects the effect of decreasing contribution of an enriched component to the R¿union plume through time. This enriched component would occur as isolated blobs in the mantle source.