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Urquhart & Gulick 2003
Urquhart, M.L. and Gulick, V.C. (2003). Plausibility of the “White Mars” hypothesis based upon the thermal nature of the Martian subsurface. Geophysical Research Letters 30: doi: 10.1029/2002GL016158. issn: 0094-8276.

The White Mars hypothesis asserts that CO2 gas-driven debris flows were responsible for carving the outflow channels, the valley networks and the gullies on Mars rather than liquid water. This model further asserts that liquid water has been confined to the deep subsurface unable to find egress to erode the surface. We show that the subsurface of Mars, especially when major fluvial features formed, is unlikely to have been as cold as this model suggests and that liquid water would be present much closer to the surface than predicted by White Mars. The assumptions of the White Mars hypothesis regarding globally-averaged crustal heat flow are below most estimates of the current thermal state of the Martian crust, and well below probable values 2 Gyr or more ago. Likewise, the assumed value of crustal thermal conductivity in White Mars is inconsistent with the CO2 dominated cryosphere of the model.

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Abstract

Keywords
Planetology, Solar System Objects, Mars, Hydrology, Frozen ground, Physical Properties of Rocks, Thermal properties, Planetary Sciences, Heat flow
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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