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Ashour-Abdalla & Kennel 1978
Ashour-Abdalla, M. and Kennel, C.F. (1978). Multi-harmonic electron cyclotron instabilities. Geophysical Research Letters 5: doi: 10.1029/GL005i008p00711. issn: 0094-8276.

We present parametric studies of the loss cone instability of multi-harmonic electron cyclotron instabilities in a plasma consisting of a hot component with loss cone free energy source and a cold thermal component. We find that the cold upper hybrid frequency must exceed the wave frequency in order that a non-convective instability exist. When NC/NH~0.5, at least the first three harmonic bands can be simultaneously non-convective. However, the first harmonic band has large spatial growth rates over the widest parameter range; it should therefore be the most commonly observed harmonic, and except in certain circumstances should normally accompany the higher harmonics when they are observed.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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