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Chen et al. 2002
Chen, Y., Esser, R. and Hu, Y.Q. (2002). A theoretical model for O5+ (O7+) ions in the fast solar wind. Journal of Geophysical Research 107: doi: 10.1029/2002JA009341. issn: 0148-0227.

We present a theoretical model for O5+ (O7+) ions as test particles in the fast solar wind using a previous turbulence-driven four-fluid model to establish the background solar wind, which consists of electrons, protons, alpha particles, and O6+ ions. The O5+ (O7+) ions in our model and the O6+ ions in the background are driven by the same mechanism, say, the resonant cyclotron interaction or an exponential heating addition. The ionization and recombination processes of O ions are taken into account. It is shown that the differential flow speeds between O6+ and O5+ or O7+, which are found to be in the range of 0.3--2, play very different roles in the formation of O charge states. This is due to discrepancy between the freezing-in distances of the two ion species. O7+ forms predominantly below 1.2 RS too close to the Sun to develop a differential streaming between O ions. O5+, on the other hand, freezes-in at about 1.8 RS where differential flows are well developed and therefore important for the formation of O5+ ions.

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Abstract

Keywords
Interplanetary Physics, Solar wind plasma, Space Plasma Physics, Ionization processes, Space Plasma Physics, Numerical simulation studies, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, Coronal holes, Solar Physics, Astrophysics, and Astronomy, General or miscellaneous
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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