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Schulson 2002
Schulson, E.M. (2002). On the origin of a wedge crack within the icy crust of Europa. Journal of Geophysical Research 107: doi: 10.1029/2001JE001586. issn: 0148-0227.

We suggest that a crack that developed into a wedge-shaped band within the icy crust of Europa (at ~28¿S, 170¿W Schenk and McKinnon, 1989, Figure 4; Prockter et al., 1999, Figure 1>) originated under an applied compressive stress through the operation of a frictional sliding mechanism. We analyze this suggestion using a scale-independent, sliding crack model and obtain an estimate of the maximum compressive stress to initiate the crack that compares reasonably well with earlier estimates <Helfenstein and Parmentier, 1985; McEwen, 1986; Greenberg et al., 1998> of Europan crustal stresses that are based upon elastic deformation of a shell. We then show through an application of both power law dislocation creep and diffusion creep that colder, near-surface Europan ice appears to be capable of supporting the deduced stresses with little relaxation over a period from 104 to 105 years.

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Abstract

Keywords
Mineral Physics, Creep and deformation, Physical Properties of Rocks, Fracture and flow, Planetology, Comets and Small Bodies, Ice, Planetology, Solar System Objects, Jovian satellites
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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