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Detailed Reference Information |
Wendler, G., Moore, B., Hartmann, B., Stuefer, M. and Flint, R. (2004). Effects of multiple reflection and albedo on the net radiation in the pack ice zones of Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: doi: 10.1029/2003JD003927. issn: 0148-0227. |
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Radiative and meteorological measurements were collected continuously during a cruise from Australia to Antarctica in austral summer 2000. On the average, the amount of fractional cloud cover was high (81%), reducing the incoming solar radiation. The albedo varied widely from over 80% for snow-covered undisturbed sea ice to below 10% for open water. In general, sea ice concentration was the strongest determining factor for the reflectivity. However, different ice types and snow cover also had a substantial influence on the reflectivity. When a highly reflecting surface was present (total snow-covered undisturbed ice pack with an albedo of 81%), the incoming global radiation under overcast conditions was 85% higher than for a water surface due to multiple reflections. The net radiation was found to be a strong function of both fractional cloud cover and surface albedo. For low albedo values, the net radiation increases with decreasing cloudiness, e.g., for a water surface (albedo 8%) the mean daily value increased from 88 Wm-2 for total cloud cover to 226 Wm-2 for clear skies. For highly reflecting surfaces, the net radiation decreases with decreasing cloud amount for most of the day. The mean daily value was slightly negative for clear skies (-7 Wm-2), but somewhat positive (23 Wm-2) for overcast conditions. |
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Abstract |
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Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Transmission and scattering of radiation, Global Change, Climate dynamics, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Polar meteorology, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Radiative processes |
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Publisher
American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009-1277 USA 1-202-462-6900 1-202-328-0566 service@agu.org |
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