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Connolly & Podladchikov 2004
Connolly, J.A.D. and Podladchikov, Y.Y. (2004). Fluid flow in compressive tectonic settings: Implications for midcrustal seismic reflectors and downward fluid migration. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: doi: 10.1029/2003JB002822. issn: 0148-0227.

Beneath the brittle-ductile transition of the Earth's crust, the dilational deformation necessary to create fluid pathways requires fluid pressure that is near to rock confining pressure. Although the deformation may be brittle, it is rate limited by the ductile compaction process necessary to maintain elevated fluid pressure; thus the direction of fluid expulsion is dictated by the mean stress gradient. The paradox posed by the conditions required to maintain high fluid pressure simultaneously with lower crustal rock strength can be explained by a model whereby fluids are localized within self-propagating hydraulic domains. Such domains would behave as weak inclusions imbedded within adjacent fluid-poor rocks. Because the mean stress gradient in a weak inclusion depends on its orientation with respect to far-field stress, the direction of fluid flow in such domains is sensitive to tectonic forcing. In compressional tectonic settings, this model implies that fluid flow may be directed downward to a depth of tectonically induced neutral buoyancy. In combination with dynamic propagation of the brittle-ductile transition, this phenomenon provides a mechanism by which upper crustal fluids may be swept into the lower crust. The depth of neutral buoyancy would also act as a barrier to upward fluid flow within vertically oriented structural features that are normally the most favorable means of accommodating fluid expulsion. Elementary analysis based on the seismogenic zone depth and experimental rheological constraints indicates that tectonically induced buoyancy would cause fluids to accumulate in an approximately kilometer thick horizon 2--4 km below the brittle-ductile transition, an explanation for anomalous midcrustal seismic reflectivity.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Mineralogy and Petrology, Metamorphic petrology, Physical Properties of Rocks, Fracture and flow, Physical Properties of Rocks, Permeability and porosity, Structural Geology, Role of fluids, Tectonophysics, Continental contractional orogenic belts, compaction, fluid flow, brittle-ductile transition, tectonic, stress, seismic reflector
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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