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Schnell et al. 1980
Schnell, R.C., Pueschel, R.F., Weickmann, H.K. and Wellman, D.L. (1980). Ice nucleus and aerosol measurements in the plume of the Johnstown, PA., steel mill. Geophysical Research Letters 7: doi: 10.1029/GL007i005p00397. issn: 0094-8276.

The Johnstown steel mill was observed to produce aerosols containing ice nuclei active at threshold temperatures between -6¿ and -8¿C (warmer than those observed for background air) and in concentrations up to a factor of 5 greater than background air in the temperature range of -10¿C to -12¿C, as tested with a combination membrane filter-drop freezing technique. These ice nuclei were not observed in the plume at distances greater than 15 km downwind of the source.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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