Seismic attenuation in the Wakayama swarm area of southwest Japan is estimated by optimally fitting the theoretical S coda model to an average S coda envelope in the frequency range of 1--48 Hz. The average S coda envelope is confirmed to have a common decay curve independent of the source-station distance. Intrinsic attenuation is found to peak at around 4 Hz, suggesting thermal diffusion in grain size or crack length domains with dimensions of the order of 0.7--1 mm, which is reasonable for crustal rock. Scattering attenuation is well approximated by the relation 0.054f-1 in this frequency range, with an inferred peak at 0.5 Hz, suggesting that the statistical model is characterized by an exponential autocorrelation function with a correlation length of about 1 km and a fractional velocity fluctuation of 21%. Scattering is the dominant cause of attenuation at frequencies below 2 Hz, while intrinsic attenuation becomes predominant above 4 Hz. Although values of coda attenuation (Qc-1) generally lie between the total and intrinsic attenuation, the differences between these three values becomes very small above 4 Hz, indicating that the coda attenuation measurements provide a reasonably good estimate of the total attenuation. The total attenuation was found to coincide well with the total apparent attenuation estimated by a linear inversion using direct S waves from swarm earthquakes, confirming the validity of the present results.