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Kan & Lee 1980
Kan, J.R. and Lee, L.C. (1980). Theory of imperfect magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Geophysical Research Letters 7: doi: 10.1029/GL007i009p00633. issn: 0094-8276.

A theory of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the presence of field-aligned potential drops is formulated within the framework of magnetohydrodynamic equations. Our formulation allows the magnetosphere as well as the ionosphere to respond self-consistently to the parallel potential drop along auroral field lines. Equipotential contours are distorted into a V-shaped structure near the convection reversal boundary and S-shaped on the equatorward side, each gives rise to an inverted V precipitation band. The loading effect of the imperfect coupling results in a valley in the electric field profile which occurs equatorward of the convection reversal boundary.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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