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Aiuppa et al. 2004
Aiuppa, A., Bellomo, S., D'Alessandro, W., Federico, C., Ferm, M. and Valenza, M. (2004). Volcanic plume monitoring at Mount Etna by diffusive (passive) sampling. Journal of Geophysical Research 109: doi: 10.1029/2003JD004481. issn: 0148-0227.

This paper reports the use of diffusive tubes in determining HF, HCl, and SO2 in the volcanic plume of Mount Etna in an attempt to highlight the potential of this method in studying volcanoes. In a first application a network of 18 diffusive tubes was installed on Etna's flanks, aimed at evaluating the atmospheric dispersion of the volcanic plume on a local scale. Results showed a monotonic decrease in volatile air concentrations with distance from the craters (HF from 0.15 to <0.003 ¿mol m-3, HCl from 2 to <0.01 ¿mol m-3, and SO2 from 11 to 0.04 ¿mol m-3), revealing the prevalently volcanic contribution. Matching of SO2/HCl and HCl/HF volatile ratios with contemporaneous measurements at the summit craters validated the use of diffusive tubes in tracing the chemical features of a volcanic plume from remote locations. A first tentative assessment of dry deposition rates of volcanogenic acidic gases was also made, yielding 2.5--74 t d-1 (SO2), 0.6--17 t d-1 (HCl), and 0.02--0.6 t d-1 (HF) and revealing the potential environmental impact of gas emissions. In a second experiment, carried out during the recent October 2002 to February 2003 eruption of Etna, diffusive tubes provided a continuous record of the chemical composition of the eruptive plume from a safe distance of ~1 km from the vents, thus considerably decreasing the risks involved in sampling. This highlighted a clear time decrease in SO2 concentrations and SO2/HCl ratios, which was interpreted as due to progressive exhaustion of volatile degassing and eruption energy.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Geochemical cycles, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Volcanic effects, Geochemistry, Geochemical cycles, Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics, Land/atmosphere interactions, volcanic plumes, impact of volcanic emissions, sulfur and halogens chemistry
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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