In the spring of 2003, we observed lofted Asian dust and Siberian forest-fire smoke plumes in the free troposphere over Tokyo, Japan with a dual-wavelength Raman lidar. These data show clear signatures of the optical characteristics depending on the aerosol type. The Asian-dust layer shows that the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at 532 nm is ~20%, and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) at 355 nm is ~49 sr, which is close to ~43 sr measured at 532 nm. On the contrary, the smoke layers show that the PDR is as small as 5--8% or less, and the lidar ratio at 355 nm is ~40 sr, which is considerably lower than ~65 sr which was measured at 532 nm. We also applied an inversion algorithm for the smoke case. The effective radius was ~0.22 ¿m and the single-scattering albedo at 532 nm was ~0.95.