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Fong-liang & Gui-ru 1981
Fong-liang, J. and Gui-ru, L. (1981). Experimental studies of the mechanisms of seismo-geochemical precursors. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i005p00473. issn: 0094-8276.

The following aspects of modeling experiments on seismo-geochemical precursors are described: (1) gas emission during laboratory stress loading and rupture of rocks, (2) field measurements with explosion sources, (3) aquifer mixing tests in the field, (4) experimental studies of physico-chemical processes caused by stress events. From these studies, three conclusions have been drawn: (1) Long-Term seismo-geochemical anomalies appear to be related to the stage of elastic deformation of rocks under stress loading prior to a seismic event. Short-term anomalies appear to be related to the plastic deformation of rock, and spike-like anomalies appear to be related to shear displacement before an earthquake. (2) Anomalous changes in chemical composition of groundwater and the escape of gases from the ground appear to result from rock fracturing which opens up pathways for the upward fracturing of water from deep, confined aquifers, and for the upward migration of gases from the deeper crust. (3) Chemical reactions induced by increasing stress in the epicentral region may result in the anomalous changes in chemical composition of groundwater observed before some large earthquakes.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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