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Inan et al. 2004
Inan, U.S., Golkowski, M., Carpenter, D.L., Reddell, N., Moore, R.C., Bell, T.F., Paschal, E., Kossey, P., Kennedy, E. and Meth, S.Z. (2004). Multi-hop whistler-mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater. Geophysical Research Letters 31: doi: 10.1029/2004GL021647. issn: 0094-8276.

Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1--2 kHz signals observed on a ship-borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler-mode signals. These 1-hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (~30 km) HAARP show 2-hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10-hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re-amplification and re-triggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Ionosphere, Active experiments, Ionosphere, Wave/particle interactions, Magnetospheric Physics, Magnetosphere/ionosphere interactions, Magnetospheric Physics, Instruments and techniques
Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
http://www.agu.org/journals/gl/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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