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Gettrust & Frazer 1981
Gettrust, J.F. and Frazer, L.N. (1981). A computer model study of the propagation of the long-range Pn phase. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i007p00749. issn: 0094-8276.

Synthetic long-range (high-frequency) Pn phases that fit both the arrival times and, more importantly, the characteristic long coda duration of this phase are generated using a velocity-depth model consistent with long-range refraction and surface wave observations. These synthetics show that a crustal guided-wave plays an important part in the character of ''typical'' long-range Pn coda; in particular, the largest amplitude arrivals at ranges greater than about 8¿ propagate through the crustal wave guide. Comparison of a synthetic long-range Pn signal with an observation of this phase at 8¿ range suggests that any P-velocity inversion at the base of the lithosphere must be small. This result is consistent with the anomalously high Q values for Sn reported by Walker et al. [1978> since a P-velocity inversion much smaller than the associated S-velocity inversion means that tuneling would extract much more low-frequency energy from long-range Sn than it would from long-range Pn.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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