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Detailed Reference Information
Tsunoda et al. 1981
Tsunoda, R.T., Livingston, R.C. and Rino, C.L. (1981). Evidence of a velocity shear in bulk plasma motion associated with the post-sunset rise of the equatorial F-layer. Geophysical Research Letters 8: doi: 10.1029/GL008i007p00807. issn: 0094-8276.

Using the east-west drift of equatorial spread-F (ESF) irregularities as tracers for horizontal bulk plasma motion, we show that a velocity shear (with altitude) in east-west plasma drift exists in the nighttime equatorial F-layer. When combined with incoherent-scatter measurements of the vertical motion of the F-layer, we find evidence that the two-dimensional plsama flow pattern in the F-region around E-region sunset resembles a vortex. The velocity vortex is attributed to (1) a velocity shear that is set up by the F-region dynamo that begins to function around E-region sunset, and (2) the postsunset rise of the F-layer. The existence of a velocity shear verifies the importance of the eastward neutral wind and F-region dynamo in nighttime equatorial plasma electrodynamics, and allows new interpretation for ESF generation processes.

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Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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