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Hofmann 1997
Hofmann, A.W. (1997). Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism. Nature 385(6613): 219-229.
Basaltic volcanism 'samples' the Earth's mantle to great depths, because solid-state convection transports deep material into the (shallow) melting region. The isotopic and trace-element chemistry of these basalts shows that the mantle contains several isotopically and chemically distinct components, which reflect its global evolution. This evolution is characterized by upper-mantle depletion of many trace elements, possible replenishment from the deeper, less depleted mantle, and the recycling of oceanic crust and lithosphere, but of only small amounts of continental material.
BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Table 1

Evaluation of Geochemical Mantle Models

Keywords
os isotope systematics, south-pacific ocean, island basalts, continental-crust, trace-element, chemical-structure, earths mantle, evolution, plumes, pb
Journal
Nature
http://www.nature.com/nature/
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
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