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Orsini et al. 1982
Orsini, S., Candidi, M., Balsiger, H. and Ghielmetti, A. (1982). Ionospheric ions in the near earth geomagnetic tail plasma lobes. Geophysical Research Letters 9: doi: 10.1029/GL009i002p00163. issn: 0094-8276.

By comparing data from the plasma experiment on ISEE-2 from the ion composition experiment on ISEE-1, composition and plasma properties of tailward flowing ions in the magnetotail lobes are assessed, in the 50 eV/Z to 11 keV/Z energy range. This population consists mainly of singly charged oxygen ions, with H+ ions contributing in general less than 10%, flowing roughly along magnetic field lines. Hence, it is concluded that these ions are of mainly ionospheric origin. They are detected only during magnetically disturbed periods. Estimates of the Ez electric field components in the lobes are given.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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