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Detailed Reference Information
Carbary et al. 1982
Carbary, J.F., Bythrow, P.F. and Mitchell, D.G. (1982). The spokes in Saturn’s rings: A new approach. Geophysical Research Letters 9. doi: 10.1029/GL009i004p00420. issn: 0094-8276.

We propose that zonal winds in Saturn's atmosphere cause superrotation of the ionosphere and by virtue of field-aligned currents generate a potential of ~16 kV across the B-ring. Such a potential can momentarily polarize ~1--10&mgr;m size ice particles in a radial sense and thus create the spectacular spokes. A resulting current flowing radially through the B-ring would give rise to a power of ~107 W, which is close to that dissipated in an SED burst.

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Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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