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Ouchi et al. 1983
Ouchi, T., Nagumo, S., Kasahara, J. and Koresawa, S. (1983). Separation of high-frequency pN phases and mantle refracted P phases at distances between 6° and 18° in the western Pacific by ocean bottom seismograph array. Geophysical Research Letters 10: doi: 10.1029/GL010i011p01069. issn: 0094-8276.

Observations of high-frequency (HF) Pn phases by an oceanbottom seismometer (OBS) array were made at distances between 6¿ and 18¿ in the north-western Pacific. At this distance range, mantle-refracted P phases arrive earlier than HF-Pn phases. These two phases are successfully separated for near surface earthquakes by applying appropriate filtering, since the dominant frequencies of HF-Pn phases are higher than 6 Hz and the frequencies of mantle-refracted P phases are rather low, about 3 Hz. The apparent velocities of HF-Pn phases in this distance range are estimated to be from 8.3 to 8.1 km/sec or even lower, while those of mantle-refracted P waves are from 8.4 to 8.6 km/sec. The reported value of 8.33 km/sec for Hf-Pn phases appears to be an average of both HF-Pn and mantle-refracted P phases. Therefore, these observations suggest that a proposed additional HF-Pn wave guide for the higher velocity of 8.33 kms/sec is questionable.

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Journal
Geophysical Research Letters
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American Geophysical Union
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