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Yang et al. 2005
Yang, X., Cox, R.A., Warwick, N.J., Pyle, J.A., Carver, G.D., O'Connor, F.M. and Savage, N.H. (2005). Tropospheric bromine chemistry and its impacts on ozone: A model study. Journal of Geophysical Research 110: doi: 10.1029/2005JD006244. issn: 0148-0227.

An off-line three-dimensional tropospheric chemical transport model, parallel--Tropospheric Off-Line Model of Chemistry and Transport (p-TOMCAT), has been extended by incorporating a detailed bromine chemistry scheme that contains gas-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions on both cloud particles and background aerosols. Bromine emission from bromocarbon photo-oxidation and from sea-salt bromine depletion and bromine removal through dry and wet deposition are included. Using this model, tropospheric bromine chemistry and ozone budgets are studied. The zonal mean of the inorganic gas-phase bromine compounds (Brx) is calculated to be high (4--8 pptv) in the lower troposphere of the midlatitudes to high latitudes in each hemisphere, with decreasing trends with altitude (down to ~2--3 pptv in the upper troposphere). The lowest Brx (1 pptv) are found over the high-latitude ocean surface, corresponding to high tropospheric column BrO values of up to 1.6 ¿ 1013 molecules/cm2 in the monthly mean. The addition of bromine chemistry to the model leads to a reduction in tropospheric ozone amounts by 4--6% in the Northern Hemisphere and up to ~30% in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes. The net ozone loss depends not only on total Brx, but also on solar irradiance, especially at high latitudes. The hydrolysis reaction of bromine nitrate, which occurs on cloud and aerosol surfaces (BrONO2 + H2Oaq → HOBr + HNO3), has a significant influence on ozone chemistry through its effect on NOx as well as on reactive BrO and Br.

BACKGROUND DATA FILES

Abstract

Keywords
Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Troposphere, composition and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Constituent sources and sinks, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Troposphere, constituent transport and chemistry, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Air/sea constituent fluxes (3339, 4504), Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801, 4906), tropospheric bromine chemistry, ozone loss, model study
Journal
Journal of Geophysical Research
http://www.agu.org/journals/jb/
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
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